Cortical cells are altered by factors including bone morphogenetic protein released from a placental barrier model under altered oxygenation.

Autor:	Leinster VHL; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K., Phillips TJ; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K.; Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K., Jones N; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K., Sanderson S; Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K., Simon K; Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K., Hanley J; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., Case CP; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K.; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Neuronal signaling [Neuronal Signal] 2020 Apr 09; Vol. 4 (1), pp. NS20190148. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 09 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.1042/NS20190148
Abstrakt:	Episodes of hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation during foetal development have been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions presenting in later life. The mechanism for this is not understood; however, several authors have suggested that the placenta plays an important role. Previously we found both placentas from a maternal hypoxia model and pre-eclamptic placentas from patients release factors lead to a loss of dendrite complexity in rodent neurons. Here to further explore the nature and origin of these secretions we exposed a simple in vitro model of the placental barrier, consisting of a barrier of human cytotrophoblasts, to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. We then exposed cortical cultures from embryonic rat brains to the conditioned media (CM) from below these exposed barriers and examined changes in cell morphology, number, and receptor presentation. The barriers released factors that reduced dendrite and astrocyte process lengths, decreased GABAB1 staining, and increased astrocyte number. The changes in astrocytes required the presence of neurons and were prevented by inhibition of the SMAD pathway and by neutralising Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) 2/4. Barriers exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation also released factors that reduced dendrite lengths but increased GABAB1 staining. Both oxygen changes caused barriers to release factors that decreased GluN1, GABAAα1 staining and increased GluN3a staining. We find that hypoxia in particular will elicit the release of factors that increase astrocyte number and decrease process length as well as causing changes in the intensity of glutamate and GABA receptor staining. There is some evidence that BMPs are released and contribute to these changes. Competing Interests: The authors declare at there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript.Open access for this article was enabled by the participation of Cardiff University in an all-inclusive Read & Publish pilot with Portland Press and the Biochemical Society under a transformative agreement with JISC. (© 2020 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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