Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age.

Autor: Mühlemann B; Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.; Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany., Vinner L; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark., Margaryan A; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.; Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia., Wilhelmson H; Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.; Sydsvensk Arkeologi AB, 291 22 Kristianstad, Sweden., de la Fuente Castro C; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA., Allentoft ME; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.; Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 6102 Perth, WA, Australia., de Barros Damgaard P; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark., Hansen AJ; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark., Holtsmark Nielsen S; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark., Strand LM; Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, 7491 Trondheim, Norway., Bill J; Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, 0130 Oslo, Norway., Buzhilova A; Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation., Pushkina T; Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation., Falys C; Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading RG1 5NR, UK., Khartanovich V; Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation., Moiseyev V; Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation., Jørkov MLS; Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark., Østergaard Sørensen P; Roskilde Museum, Frederikssund Museum, 3630 Jægerspris, Denmark., Magnusson Y; Malmö Museum, 201 24 Malmö, Sweden., Gustin I; Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden., Schroeder H; Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark., Sutter G; Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany., Smith GL; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK., Drosten C; Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany., Fouchier RAM; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands., Smith DJ; Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK., Willerslev E; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.; Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark., Jones TC; Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.; Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany., Sikora M; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2020 Jul 24; Vol. 369 (6502).
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8977
Abstrakt: Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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