| Autor: |
Baker DH; Department of Psychology, University of York., Vilidaite G; School of Psychology, University of Southampton., Lygo FA; Department of Psychology, University of York., Smith AK; Department of Psychology, University of York., Flack TR; School of Psychology, University of York., Gouws AD; York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York., Andrews TJ; Department of Psychology, University of York. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Psychological methods [Psychol Methods] 2021 Jun; Vol. 26 (3), pp. 295-314. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 16. |
| DOI: |
10.1037/met0000337 |
| Abstrakt: |
When designing experimental studies with human participants, experimenters must decide how many trials each participant will complete, as well as how many participants to test. Most discussion of statistical power (the ability of a study design to detect an effect) has focused on sample size, and assumed sufficient trials. Here we explore the influence of both factors on statistical power, represented as a 2-dimensional plot on which iso-power contours can be visualized. We demonstrate the conditions under which the number of trials is particularly important, that is, when the within-participant variance is large relative to the between-participants variance. We then derive power contour plots using existing data sets for 8 experimental paradigms and methodologies (including reaction times, sensory thresholds, fMRI, MEG, and EEG), and provide example code to calculate estimates of the within- and between-participants variance for each method. In all cases, the within-participant variance was larger than the between-participants variance, meaning that the number of trials has a meaningful influence on statistical power in commonly used paradigms. An online tool is provided (https://shiny.york.ac.uk/powercontours/) for generating power contours, from which the optimal combination of trials and participants can be calculated when designing future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved). |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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