Use of Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.
| Autor: | Konala VM; Ashland Bellefonte Cancer Center, Ashland, Kentucky, USA, drvenumadhav@gmail.com., Madhira BR; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA., Ashraf S; Marshall University, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA., Graziano S; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Oncology [Oncology] 2020; Vol. 98 (11), pp. 749-754. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 14. |
| DOI: | 10.1159/000508516 |
| Abstrakt: | Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States and around the world. Approximately 13% of lung cancers are small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC is generally classified as a limited-stage and extensive-stage disease depending on the extent of involvement. For patients with the extensive-stage disease, until recently, chemotherapy alone has been the recommended treatment, although radiotherapy could be used in select patients for palliation of symptoms. The standard of care for extensive-stage SCLC is platinum doublet chemotherapy with either cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with etoposide. Even though first-line therapy has an initial response rate of 60-80%, the prognosis is poor, with overall survival of 10-12 months. The only FDA-approved second line of therapy is topotecan, approved both as an intravenous formulation as well as an oral formulation, with response rates of 6-12% in chemorefractory disease and 15-37% in chemosensitive disease. Immunotherapy has recently been approved as a first-line agent in metastatic SCLC in combination with chemotherapy. It is also approved as a third-line agent in metastatic SCLC after the failure of two chemotherapy regimens. The FDA approved four drugs, two of them being PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab), and two of them being PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab and durvalumab) in SCLC. This review article summarizes the significance of immunotherapy in the treatment of extensive-stage SCLC, its side effects, and limitations. (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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