Evidence for a unitary structure of spatial cognition beyond general intelligence.

Autor:	Malanchini M; Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary university of London, London, UK.; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA., Rimfeld K; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Shakeshaft NG; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., McMillan A; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Schofield KL; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Rodic M; InLab, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK., Rossi V; ETT Solutions LTD, London, UK., Kovas Y; InLab, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK.; Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk, Russia., Dale PS; Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA., Tucker-Drob EM; Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA., Plomin R; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	NPJ science of learning [NPJ Sci Learn] 2020 Jul 02; Vol. 5, pp. 9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 02 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.1038/s41539-020-0067-8
Abstrakt:	Performance in everyday spatial orientation tasks (e.g., map reading and navigation) has been considered functionally separate from performance on more abstract object-based spatial abilities (e.g., mental rotation and visualization). However, few studies have examined the link between spatial orientation and object-based spatial skills, and even fewer have done so including a wide range of spatial tests. To examine this issue and more generally to test the structure of spatial ability, we used a novel gamified battery to assess six tests of spatial orientation in a virtual environment and examined their association with ten object-based spatial tests, as well as their links to general cognitive ability ( g ). We further estimated the role of genetic and environmental factors in underlying variation and covariation in these spatial tests. Participants ( N  = 2660; aged 19-22) were part of the Twins Early Development Study. The six tests of spatial orientation clustered into a single ' Navigation' factor that was 64% heritable. Examining the structure of spatial ability across all 16 tests, three, substantially correlated, factors emerged: Navigation , Object Manipulation , and Visualization . These, in turn, loaded strongly onto a general factor of Spatial Ability , which was highly heritable (84%). A large portion (45%) of this high heritability was independent of g . The results point towards the existence of a common genetic network that supports all spatial abilities. Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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