| Autor: |
Nikapitiya C; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea., Dananjaya SHS; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea., Edirisinghe SL; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea., Chandrarathna HPSU; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea., Lee J; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea. jehee@jejunu.ac.kr.; Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea. jehee@jejunu.ac.kr., De Zoysa M; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. mahanama@cnu.ac.kr. |
| Abstrakt: |
This study proposed that phage-enriched artemia could be a useful tool for transferring phage into the cultured fish (larvae or adult) as a feed, and introduce mode of phage administration and its safety in concern of tissue adaptation for efficient phage therapy in aquatic animals. First, whether Edwardsiella tarda phage (ETP-1) could attach or ingest by the artemia and optimum time period for the ETP-1 enrichment with artemia were investigated. ETP-1 dispersion, abundance and persistency, and zebrafish immune transcriptional responses and histopathology were evaluated after feeding the fish with ETP-1-enriched artemia. Hatched artemia nauplii (36 h) were enriched with 1.90 × 10 11 PFUmL -1 of ETP-1, and maintained at 25 °C. The highest enrichment level was obtained after 4 h (3.00 × 10 9 PFUmL -1 ), and artemia were alive and active similar to control for 8 h. ETP-1 disseminated dose dependently to all the tissues rapidly (12 h). However, when feeding discontinued, it drastically decreased at day 3 with high abundance and persistency in the spleen (1.02 × 10 3 ) followed by the kidney (4.00 × 10 1 ) and the gut (1 × 10 1 PFUmL -1 ) for highest ETP-1-enriched artemia dose. In contrast, during continuous delivery of ETP-1-enriched artemia, ETP-1 detected in all the tissues (at day 10: gut; 1.90 × 10 7 , kidney; 3.33 × 10 6 , spleen; 5.52 × 10 5 , liver; 6.20 × 10 4 PFUmL -1 mg -1 tissues). Though the phage abundance varied, results indicated that oral fed ETP-1-enriched artemia disperse to the neighboring organs, even the absence of host as phage carrier. Non-significant differences of immune transcriptional and histopathology analysis between ETP-1-enriched artemia fed and controls suggest that no adverse apparent immune stimulation in host occurred, and use of ETP-1 at 10 11 PFUmL -1 was safe. With further supportive studies, live artemia-mediated phage delivery method could be used as a promising tool during phage therapy against pathogenic bacteria to control aquatic diseases. |
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