| Autor: |
Kim YJ; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea., Lee S; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.; Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea., Niazi MR; KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia., Hwang K; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea., Tang MC; KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia., Lim DH; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea., Kang JS; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea., Smilgies DM; Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States., Amassian A; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.; KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia., Kim DY; Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea. |
| Abstrakt: |
The morphology of conjugated polymer thin films, determined by the kinetics of film drying, is closely correlated with their electrical properties. Herein, we focused on dramatic changes in the thin-film morphology of blade-coated poly{[ N , N '-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt -5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} caused by the effect of solvent and coating temperature. Through in situ measurements, the evolution of polymer aggregates and crystallites, which plays a decisive role in the formation of the charge-transport pathway, was observed in real time. By combining in situ ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis, we could identify five distinct stages during the blade-coating process; these stages were observed irrespective of the solvent and coating temperature used. The five stages are described in detail with a proposed model of film formation. This insight is an important step in understanding the relationship between the morphology of thin polymer films and their charge-transport properties as well as in optimizing the structural evolution of thin films. |
