A Contemporary Risk Analysis of Iatrogenic Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) via Corneal Transplantation in the United States.

Autor: Martheswaran T; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA., Desautels JD; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA., Moshirfar M; Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, UT, USA. Cornea2020@me.com.; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Cornea2020@me.com.; Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT, USA. Cornea2020@me.com., Shmunes KM; Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, UT, USA., Ronquillo YC; Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, UT, USA., Hoopes PC; Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, UT, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ophthalmology and therapy [Ophthalmol Ther] 2020 Sep; Vol. 9 (3), pp. 465-483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 20.
DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00272-8
Abstrakt: Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative prion disease potentially transmissible through corneal transplantation. While statistical analyses performed two decades ago estimated the overall prevalence of CJD in the corneal donor pool to be low, the recent significant increase in corneal transplants performed and deaths due to CJD in the U.S. warrants a contemporary risk analysis.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to determine the overall number of globally reported cases of CJD transmission through corneal transplantation. U.S. mortality and cornea donation data were utilized to estimate the age-stratified prevalence of undiagnosed, latent CJD in the cornea donor pool in 2018. A historical statistical analysis was performed to estimate the number of corneas from donors with latent CJD entering the U.S. donor pool for each year between 1979 and 2018. From these statistical analyses, risk factors of iatrogenic transmission were identified and summarized.
Results: Ten reported cases of iatrogenic transmission of CJD through corneal transplants were identified globally. In 2018, an estimated 3.8 corneas from donors with undiagnosed latent CJD potentially entered the pool of 111,703 transplant-intended corneas harvested from individuals aged 31-80. Between 1979 and 2018, an estimated 47 corneas may have entered the U.S. transplant-intended pool from donors with latent CJD aged 35 to 84. The advanced age of donors and a history of multiple transplants in recipients were both prominent risk factors for iatrogenic transmission.
Conclusions: The 10 reported global cases of iatrogenic transmission likely under-represent the number of individuals with a coinciding history of death by CJD and prior corneal transplantation, as supported by our statistical analysis and lack of geographical diversity of reported cases. As effective screening methods develop and globalization of cornea transplantation broadens, it is of utmost importance that cornea transplantation history among victims of CJD should be investigated and reported.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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