| Autor: |
Fisher OS; Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA., Li X; Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Abcam Inc., Branford, CT, USA., Liu W; Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China., Zhang R; Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Boggon TJ; Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. titus.boggon@yale.edu.; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. titus.boggon@yale.edu. |
| Abstrakt: |
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are dysplasias that primarily occur in the neurovasculature, and are associated with mutations in three genes: KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10, the protein products of which are KRIT1 (Krev/Rap1 Interaction Trapped 1; CCM1, cerebral cavernous malformations 1), CCM2 (cerebral cavernous malformations 2; OSM, osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3), and CCM3 (cerebral cavernous malformations 3; PDCD10, programmed cell death 10). Until recently, these proteins were relatively understudied at the molecular level, and only three folded domains were documented. These were a band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM), and an ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) in KRIT1, and a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain in CCM2. Over the past 10 years, a crystallographic approach has been used to discover a series of previously unidentified domains within the CCM proteins. These include a non-functional Nudix (or pseudonudix) domain in KRIT1, a harmonin homology domain (HHD) in CCM2, and dimerization and focal adhesion targeting (FAT)-homology domains within CCM3. Many of the roles of these domains have been revealed by structure-guided studies that show the CCM proteins can directly interact with one another to form a signaling scaffold, and that the "CCM complex" functions in signal transduction by interacting with other binding partners, including ICAP1, RAP1, and MEKK3. In this chapter, we describe the crystallization of CCM protein domains alone, and with their interaction partners. |
