Cyanide Contamination of the Puyango-Tumbes River Caused by Artisanal Gold Mining in Portovelo-Zaruma, Ecuador.

Autor: Marshall BG; Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, 517-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. bruce.marshall@ubc.ca., Veiga MM; Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, 517-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada., da Silva HAM; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil., Guimarães JRD; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Current environmental health reports [Curr Environ Health Rep] 2020 Sep; Vol. 7 (3), pp. 303-310.
DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00276-3
Abstrakt: Purpose of Review: To examine cyanide (CN-) contamination of a large river in southeastern Ecuador that has been severely impacted by the indiscriminate discharge of untreated gold processing effluents.
Recent Findings: Poor environmental stewardship of cyanide (CN-) use by 87 gold processing centers in Portovelo-Zaruma in southern Ecuador to leach residual gold from Hg-contaminated tailings has resulted in high CN- contamination of the Puyango-Tumbes River downstream from the centers. Free CN- concentrations were high in river surface waters for 50 km below the processing plants, with the highest concentration 9088 times above the CCME standard of 5 μg/L and 1136 times above the 24-h LC 50 concentration of 40 μg/L free CN- for some fish species. Due to cyanidation of mercury-contaminated tailings, the formation of Hg-CN complexes is a grave concern, as these complexes have been shown to be highly bioavailable. Preliminary tests conducted in a laboratory using bioassays with Danio rerio sp. and varying concentrations of synthetic Hg(CN) 2 salt have shown significant THg bioaccumulation in muscle and kidney fish tissues exposed to concentrations >0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, low MeHg results in fish tissues demonstrated little occurrence of methylation and that the bulk of the total mercury content was in the form of inorganic mercury. Although construction of a communal tailings facility (CTF) in Portovelo is a positive development to reduce riverine pollution, the requirement to truck tailings up to the CTF likely results in inadequate compliance of environmental regulations that are poorly enforced.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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