Embryology, Ear
| Autor: | Helwany M; Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tadi P; Asram Medical College, Eluru, India |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | 2021 Jan. |
| Abstrakt: | The ear is a highly sophisticated structure that compartmentalizes into three parts: the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear functions to direct sound towards the tympanic membrane and consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal. The tympanic membrane forms the boundary between the external and middle ear. It is the point at which energy from sound waves becomes converted into mechanical energy that travels through the ossicular chain. The middle ear cavity is home to the three auditory ossicles, the malleus, incus, and stapes, all of which serve to transmit vibrations towards the inner ear. Together, the external and middle ear serves to amplify and transmit sound from the environment towards the inner ear. The inner ear houses the organs of hearing and balance and arises from a pair of transient ectodermal thickenings that form during the fourth week of development. The cochlea, semicircular canals, and otolith organs develop appropriately in time and space under the direction of essential morphogens, genes, and transcription factors that regionalize neurogenic activity and establish the axial identity of the ear. (Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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