Invariant Synapse Density and Neuronal Connectivity Scaling in Primate Neocortical Evolution.

Autor:	Sherwood CC; Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA., Miller SB; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA., Karl M; Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA., Stimpson CD; Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA., Phillips KA; Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA., Jacobs B; Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80946, USA., Hof PR; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA., Raghanti MA; Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA., Smaers JB; Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) [Cereb Cortex] 2020 Sep 03; Vol. 30 (10), pp. 5604-5615.
DOI:	10.1093/cercor/bhaa149
Abstrakt:	Synapses are involved in the communication of information from one neuron to another. However, a systematic analysis of synapse density in the neocortex from a diversity of species is lacking, limiting what can be understood about the evolution of this fundamental aspect of brain structure. To address this, we quantified synapse density in supragranular layers II-III and infragranular layers V-VI from primary visual cortex and inferior temporal cortex in a sample of 25 species of primates, including humans. We found that synapse densities were relatively constant across these levels of the cortical visual processing hierarchy and did not significantly differ with brain mass, varying by only 1.9-fold across species. We also found that neuron densities decreased in relation to brain enlargement. Consequently, these data show that the number of synapses per neuron significantly rises as a function of brain expansion in these neocortical areas of primates. Humans displayed the highest number of synapses per neuron, but these values were generally within expectations based on brain size. The metabolic and biophysical constraints that regulate uniformity of synapse density, therefore, likely underlie a key principle of neuronal connectivity scaling in primate neocortical evolution. (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permission@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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