How the assembly and protection of the bacterial cell envelope depend on cysteine residues.
| Autor: | Collet JF; de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: jfcollet@uclouvain.be., Cho SH; de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium., Iorga BI; de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Goemans CV; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of biological chemistry [J Biol Chem] 2020 Aug 21; Vol. 295 (34), pp. 11984-11994. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 02. |
| DOI: | 10.1074/jbc.REV120.011201 |
| Abstrakt: | The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a multilayered structure essential for bacterial viability; the peptidoglycan cell wall provides shape and osmotic protection to the cell, and the outer membrane serves as a permeability barrier against noxious compounds in the external environment. Assembling the envelope properly and maintaining its integrity are matters of life and death for bacteria. Our understanding of the mechanisms of envelope assembly and maintenance has increased tremendously over the past two decades. Here, we review the major achievements made during this time, giving central stage to the amino acid cysteine, one of the least abundant amino acid residues in proteins, whose unique chemical and physical properties often critically support biological processes. First, we review how cysteines contribute to envelope homeostasis by forming stabilizing disulfides in crucial bacterial assembly factors (LptD, BamA, and FtsN) and stress sensors (RcsF and NlpE). Second, we highlight the emerging role of enzymes that use cysteine residues to catalyze reactions that are necessary for proper envelope assembly, and we also explain how these enzymes are protected from oxidative inactivation. Finally, we suggest future areas of investigation, including a discussion of how cysteine residues could contribute to envelope homeostasis by functioning as redox switches. By highlighting the redox pathways that are active in the envelope of Escherichia coli , we provide a timely overview of the assembly of a cellular compartment that is the hallmark of Gram-negative bacteria. Competing Interests: Conflict of interest—The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article. (© 2020 Collet et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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