Chimpanzee ethnography reveals unexpected cultural diversity.

Autor: Boesch C; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. boesch@eva.mpg.de.; Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Leipzig, Germany. boesch@eva.mpg.de., Kalan AK; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Mundry R; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Arandjelovic M; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Pika S; Institute for Cognitive Science, Comparative Biocognition, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany., Dieguez P; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Ayimisin EA; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Barciela A; Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Instituto Jane Goodall España, Dindéfélo, Senegal., Coupland C; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Egbe VE; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Eno-Nku M; WWF Kudu Zombo Programme, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Michael Fay J; Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon., Fine D; WWF Kudu Zombo Programme, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar R; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Hermans V; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Kadam P; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Kambi M; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Llana M; Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Instituto Jane Goodall España, Dindéfélo, Senegal., Maretti G; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Morgan D; Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Chicago, IL, USA.; Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo., Murai M; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Neil E; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Nicholl S; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Ormsby LJ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Orume R; Korup Rainforest Conservation Society, Mundemba, Cameroon., Pacheco L; Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Instituto Jane Goodall España, Dindéfélo, Senegal., Piel A; School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK., Sanz C; Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.; Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan., Sciaky L; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Stewart FA; School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK., Tagg N; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; The Born Free Foundation, Horsham, UK., Wessling EG; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA., Willie J; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Kühl HS; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature human behaviour [Nat Hum Behav] 2020 Sep; Vol. 4 (9), pp. 910-916. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 25.
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0890-1
Abstrakt: Human ethnographic knowledge covers hundreds of societies, whereas chimpanzee ethnography encompasses at most 15 communities. Using termite fishing as a window into the richness of chimpanzee cultural diversity, we address a potential sampling bias with 39 additional communities across Africa. Previously, termite fishing was known from eight locations with two distinguishable techniques observed in only two communities. Here, we add nine termite-fishing communities not studied before, revealing 38 different technical elements, as well as community-specific combinations of three to seven elements. Thirty of those were not ecologically constrained, permitting the investigation of chimpanzee termite-fishing culture. The number and combination of elements shared among individuals were more similar within communities than between them, thus supporting community-majority conformity via social imitation. The variation in community-specific combinations of elements parallels cultural diversity in human greeting norms or chopstick etiquette. We suggest that termite fishing in wild chimpanzees shows some elements of cumulative cultural diversity.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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