Ion transport and regulation in a synaptic vesicle glutamate transporter.

Autor: Li F; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Eriksen J; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Finer-Moore J; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Chang R; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA., Nguyen P; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bowen A; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Myasnikov A; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Yu Z; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Bulkley D; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA., Cheng Y; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA., Edwards RH; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA. stroud@msg.ucsf.edu robert.edwards@ucsf.edu., Stroud RM; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA. stroud@msg.ucsf.edu robert.edwards@ucsf.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2020 May 22; Vol. 368 (6493), pp. 893-897.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9202
Abstrakt: Synaptic vesicles accumulate neurotransmitters, enabling the quantal release by exocytosis that underlies synaptic transmission. Specific neurotransmitter transporters are responsible for this activity and therefore are essential for brain function. The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) concentrate the principal excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles, driven by membrane potential. However, the mechanism by which they do so remains poorly understood owing to a lack of structural information. We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of rat VGLUT2 at 3.8-angstrom resolution and propose structure-based mechanisms for substrate recognition and allosteric activation by low pH and chloride. A potential permeation pathway for chloride intersects with the glutamate binding site. These results demonstrate how the activity of VGLUTs can be coordinated with large shifts in proton and chloride concentrations during the synaptic vesicle cycle to ensure normal synaptic transmission.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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