A Comprehensive Characterization of Particulate Matter, Trace Elements, and Gaseous Emissions of Piston-Engine Aircraft.

Autor: Turgut ET; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aircraft Airframe and Powerplant Department, Eskisehir, Turkey., Açıkel G; Eskisehir Technical University, Aircraft Maintenance Centre, Eskisehir, Turkey., Gaga EO; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey., Çalişir D; Eskisehir Technical University, Aircraft Maintenance Centre, Eskisehir, Turkey., Odabasi M; Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Izmir, Turkey., Ari A; Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering, Gölköy Campus, Bolu, Turkey., Artun G; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey., İlhan SÖ; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey., Savaci U; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey., Can E; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey., Turan S; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2020 Jul 07; Vol. 54 (13), pp. 7818-7835. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 15.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00815
Abstrakt: The gaseous and PM 10 emissions of a piston-engine aircraft during ground operations at different engine states (six engine speed points and three air/fuel mixtures) representing certain flight phases were concurrently measured from the exhaust duct. PM 10 emissions were sampled on a 47 mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter in order to be analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) to identify the presence and level of forty-eight elements. The most abundant element is found to be Pb (med = 4.6 × 10 6 ng m -3 ), which is 40 times the second most abundant element, Na (med = 1.1 × 10 5 ng m -3 ). The filters used for sampling exhaust gases tend to lighten with an increase in engine speed and leaning of the fuel mixture. The average of measured PM mass concentrations at all engine speeds were calculated to be 27.7 mg m -3 (full-rich) > 26.7 mg m -3 (best-power) > 24.7 mg m -3 (best-economy). The total mass of the trace elements constitutes an average of 24.1 ± 12.8% of the mass of PM. Electron microscope analyses suggest that the particles enriched by Al tend to agglomerate in a needle-shaped structure.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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