Antifouling biocides as a continuous threat to the aquatic environment: Sources, temporal trends and ecological risk assessment in an impacted region of Brazil.

Autor: Viana JLM; Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil., Diniz MDS; Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil., Santos SRVD; Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil., Verbinnen RT; Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil., Almeida MAP; Curso de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil., Franco TCRDS; Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: teresa.cristina@ufma.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2020 Aug 15; Vol. 730, pp. 139026. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139026
Abstrakt: Antifouling biocides, such as irgarol and diuron, are commonly used in antifouling paints. Recently, studies carried out in a Brazilian region of ecological concern have warned for extremely high levels of these biocides. So, this work focused on a 4-year (2015-2018) evaluation considering the occurrence, environmental fate, seasonal variations and ecological risk assessment of irgarol and diuron in water and sediment from São Marcos Bay, Brazil, which is an area of international relevance located in the Amazon region. The results showed the ubiquitous presence of antifouling biocides, as well as their wide distribution along the bay. The concentration range of irgarol was between <0.8 and 89.4 ng L -1 in water and between <0.5 and 9.2 ng g -1 dw in sediments, whereas diuron showed a range between <1.4 and 22.0 ng L -1 in water and between <2.0 and 15.0 ng g -1 dw in sediments. The distribution of the biocides was mainly related to the intense Bay hydrodynamics. The environmental risk assessment showed that irgarol and diuron posed "high risk" to the aquatic biota of São Marcos Bay, exceeding international Environmental Quality Guidelines. The results represent a robust study on the environmental fate of such biocides and intend to be a useful data source for eventual legislation since regulation concerning antifouling substances is necessary for Brazil.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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