HIITing the brain with exercise: mechanisms, consequences and practical recommendations.

Autor: Calverley TA; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK., Ogoh S; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan., Marley CJ; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK., Steggall M; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK., Marchi N; Cerebrovascular and Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France., Brassard P; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada., Lucas SJE; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Cotter JD; School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Roig M; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada., Ainslie PN; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK.; Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada., Wisløff U; The Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia., Bailey DM; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of physiology [J Physiol] 2020 Jul; Vol. 598 (13), pp. 2513-2530. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 01.
DOI: 10.1113/JP275021
Abstrakt: The increasing number of older adults has seen a corresponding growth in those affected by neurovascular diseases, including stroke and dementia. Since cures are currently unavailable, major efforts in improving brain health need to focus on prevention, with emphasis on modifiable risk factors such as promoting physical activity. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) paradigms have been shown to confer vascular benefits translating into improved musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular function. However, the time commitment associated with MICT is a potential barrier to participation, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has since emerged as a more time-efficient mode of exercise that can promote similar if not indeed superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness for a given training volume and further promote vascular adaptation. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of HIIT on the brain are surprisingly limited. The present review outlines how the HIIT paradigm has evolved from a historical perspective and describes the established physiological changes including its mechanistic bases. Given the dearth of RCTs, the vascular benefits of MICT are discussed with a focus on the translational neuroprotective benefits including their mechanistic bases that could be further potentiated through HIIT. Safety implications are highlighted and components of an optimal HIIT intervention are discussed including practical recommendations. Finally, statistical effect sizes have been calculated to allow prospective research to be appropriately powered and optimise the potential for detecting treatment effects. Future RCTs that focus on the potential clinical benefits of HIIT are encouraged given the prevalence of cognitive decline in an ever-ageing population.
(© 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2020 The Physiological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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