Inner ear sensory system changes as extinct crocodylomorphs transitioned from land to water.

Autor:	Schwab JA; School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE Edinburgh, United Kingdom; julia.schwab@ed.ac.uk., Young MT; School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Neenan JM; Oxford University Museum of Natural History, OX1 3PW Oxford, United Kingdom., Walsh SA; School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, EH1 1JF Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Witmer LM; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701., Herrera Y; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, National University of La Plata, B1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Allain R; Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France., Brochu CA; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242., Choiniere JN; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa., Clark JM; Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052., Dollman KN; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa.; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa., Etches S; Museum of Jurassic Marine Life, BH20 5PE Kimmeridge, United Kingdom., Fritsch G; Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany., Gignac PM; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107., Ruebenstahl A; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511., Sachs S; Abteilung Geowissenschaften, Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld, Abteilung Geowissenschaften, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany., Turner AH; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794., Vignaud P; Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes et Paléoprimatologie, CNRS UMR 7262, Department of Geosciences, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France., Wilberg EW; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794., Xu X; Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China., Zanno LE; Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601.; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695., Brusatte SL; School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, EH1 1JF Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2020 May 12; Vol. 117 (19), pp. 10422-10428. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 20.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2002146117
Abstrakt:	Major evolutionary transitions, in which animals develop new body plans and adapt to dramatically new habitats and lifestyles, have punctuated the history of life. The origin of cetaceans from land-living mammals is among the most famous of these events. Much earlier, during the Mesozoic Era, many reptile groups also moved from land to water, but these transitions are more poorly understood. We use computed tomography to study changes in the inner ear vestibular system, involved in sensing balance and equilibrium, as one of these groups, extinct crocodile relatives called thalattosuchians, transitioned from terrestrial ancestors into pelagic (open ocean) swimmers. We find that the morphology of the vestibular system corresponds to habitat, with pelagic thalattosuchians exhibiting a more compact labyrinth with wider semicircular canal diameters and an enlarged vestibule, reminiscent of modified and miniaturized labyrinths of other marine reptiles and cetaceans. Pelagic thalattosuchians with modified inner ears were the culmination of an evolutionary trend with a long semiaquatic phase, and their pelagic vestibular systems appeared after the first changes to the postcranial skeleton that enhanced their ability to swim. This is strikingly different from cetaceans, which miniaturized their labyrinths soon after entering the water, without a prolonged semiaquatic stage. Thus, thalattosuchians and cetaceans became secondarily aquatic in different ways and at different paces, showing that there are different routes for the same type of transition. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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