Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.

Autor: Beng AA; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Esum ME; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Deribe K; Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK. kebededeka@yahoo.com.; School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. kebededeka@yahoo.com., Njouendou AJ; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Ndongmo PWC; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Abong RA; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Fru J; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Fombad FF; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Nchanji GT; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Amambo G; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Gandjui NTV; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Biholong B; Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Nko'Ayissi G; Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Mbia P; Helen Keller International, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Akame J; Helen Keller International, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Enyong PI; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon., Reid SD; Helen Keller International, New York, NY, USA., Tougoue JJ; RTI International, Washington, DC, USA., Zhang Y; Helen Keller International, New York, NY, USA.; Helen Keller International, Regional Office for Africa, Dakar, Senegal., Wanji S; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC infectious diseases [BMC Infect Dis] 2020 Apr 16; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 284. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 16.
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05009-3
Abstrakt: Background: The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques.
Methods: This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W. bancrofti. qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites.
Results: Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0 to 8.2%. No W. bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence.
Conclusions: Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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