Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems.

Autor:	Grillo KM; Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; kgrillo@ufl.edu., Dunne J; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom., Marshall F; Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130., Prendergast ME; Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Saint Louis University, 28003 Madrid, Spain., Casanova E; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom., Gidna AO; National Museums of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Janzen A; Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996., Karega-Munene; United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya., Keute J; School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, United Kingdom., Mabulla AZP; Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Robertshaw P; Department of Anthropology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407., Gillard T; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom., Walton-Doyle C; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom., Whelton HL; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom., Ryan K; African Section, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104., Evershed RP; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2020 May 05; Vol. 117 (18), pp. 9793-9799. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 13.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1920309117
Abstrakt:	The development of pastoralism transformed human diets and societies in grasslands worldwide. The long-term success of cattle herding in Africa has been sustained by dynamic food systems, consumption of a broad range of primary and secondary livestock products, and the evolution of lactase persistence (LP), which allows digestion of lactose into adulthood and enables the milk-based, high-protein, low-calorie diets characteristic of contemporary pastoralists. Despite the presence of multiple alleles associated with LP in ancient and present-day eastern African populations, the contexts for selection for LP and the long-term development of pastoralist foodways in this region remain unclear. Pastoral Neolithic ( c 5000 to 1200 BP) faunas indicate that herders relied on cattle, sheep, and goats and some hunting, but direct information on milk consumption, plant use, and broader culinary patterns is rare. Combined chemical and isotopic analysis of ceramic sherds ( n = 125) from Pastoral Neolithic archaeological contexts in Kenya and Tanzania, using compound-specific δ 13 C and Δ 13 C values of the major fatty acids, provides chemical evidence for milk, meat, and plant processing by ancient herding societies in eastern Africa. These data provide the earliest direct evidence for milk product consumption and reveal a history of reliance on animal products and other nutrients, likely extracted through soups or stews, and plant foods. They document a 5,000-y temporal framework for eastern Africa pastoralist cuisines and cultural contexts for selection for alleles distinctive of LP in eastern Africa. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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