Activity in grafted human iPS cell-derived cortical neurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulates motor behavior.

Autor:	Palma-Tortosa S; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Tornero D; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain., Grønning Hansen M; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Monni E; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Hajy M; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Kartsivadze S; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.; Department of Neurology, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia., Aktay S; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Tsupykov O; Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.; Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Cultures, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine., Parmar M; Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Deisseroth K; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Skibo G; Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.; Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Cultures, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine., Lindvall O; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden., Kokaia Z; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; Zaal.Kokaia@med.lu.se.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2020 Apr 21; Vol. 117 (16), pp. 9094-9100. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 06.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2000690117
Abstrakt:	Stem cell transplantation can improve behavioral recovery after stroke in animal models but whether stem cell-derived neurons become functionally integrated into stroke-injured brain circuitry is poorly understood. Here we show that intracortically grafted human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cortical neurons send widespread axonal projections to both hemispheres of rats with ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex. Using rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing, we find that at 6 mo after transplantation, host neurons in the contralateral somatosensory cortex receive monosynaptic inputs from grafted neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates myelination of the graft-derived axons in the corpus callosum and that their terminals form excitatory, glutamatergic synapses on host cortical neurons. We show that the stroke-induced asymmetry in a sensorimotor (cylinder) test is reversed by transplantation. Light-induced inhibition of halorhodopsin-expressing, grafted neurons does not recreate the impairment, indicating that its reversal is not due to neuronal activity in the graft. However, we find bilateral decrease of motor performance in the cylinder test after light-induced inhibition of either grafted or endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons, located in the same area, and after inhibition of endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons by exposure of their axons to light on the contralateral side. Our data indicate that activity in the grafted neurons, probably mediated through transcallosal connections to the contralateral hemisphere, is involved in maintaining normal motor function. This is an example of functional integration of efferent projections from grafted neurons into the stroke-affected brain's neural circuitry, which raises the possibility that such repair might be achievable also in humans affected by stroke. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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