ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.

Autor: Thompson PM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA. pthomp@usc.edu., Jahanshad N; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Ching CRK; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Salminen LE; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Thomopoulos SI; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Bright J; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Baune BT; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Bertolín S; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain., Bralten J; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Bruin WB; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Bülow R; Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Chen J; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Chye Y; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia., Dannlowski U; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., de Kovel CGF; Biometris Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.; Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Donohoe G; The Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland., Eyler LT; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA., Faraone SV; Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA., Favre P; INSERM Unit 955 Team 15 'Translational Psychiatry', Créteil, France.; NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France., Filippi CA; National Institute of Mental Health, National of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Frodl T; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany., Garijo D; Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Gil Y; Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.; Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Grabe HJ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Grasby KL; Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Hajek T; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic., Han LKM; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Hatton SN; Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Hilbert K; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Ho TC; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Holleran L; The Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland., Homuth G; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Hosten N; Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Houenou J; INSERM Unit 955 Team 15 'Translational Psychiatry', Créteil, France.; NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.; APHP, Mondor University Hospitals, School of Medicine, DMU Impact, Psychiatry Department, Créteil, France., Ivanov I; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Jia T; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Kelly S; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Klein M; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Kwon JS; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Laansma MA; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Leerssen J; Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Lueken U; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Nunes A; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.; Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Neill JO; Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Opel N; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., Piras F; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy., Piras F; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy., Postema MC; Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Pozzi E; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Shatokhina N; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Soriano-Mas C; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.; CIBERSAM-G17, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Spalletta G; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Sun D; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Teumer A; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Tilot AK; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Tozzi L; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., van der Merwe C; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Van Someren EJW; Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Psychiatry and Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van Wingen GA; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Völzke H; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Walton E; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Wang L; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Winkler AM; National Institute of Mental Health, National of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Wittfeld K; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Wright MJ; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Yun JY; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Zhang G; Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA., Zhang-James Y; Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA., Adhikari BM; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Agartz I; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Aghajani M; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Research & Innovation, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Aleman A; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Althoff RR; Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA., Altmann A; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK., Andreassen OA; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Baron DA; Provost and Senior Vice President, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA., Bartnik-Olson BL; Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA., Marie Bas-Hoogendam J; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Baskin-Sommers AR; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Bearden CE; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Berner LA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Boedhoe PSW; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Brouwer RM; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Buitelaar JK; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Caeyenberghs K; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia., Cecil CAM; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Cohen RA; Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL, USA., Cole JH; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.; Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK., Conrod PJ; Universite de Montreal, Centre de Recherche CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada., De Brito SA; School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., de Zwarte SMC; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Dennis EL; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Desrivieres S; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Dima D; Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK., Ehrlich S; Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Esopenko C; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA., Fairchild G; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Fisher SE; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Fouche JP; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Francks C; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Frangou S; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Franke B; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Garavan HP; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA., Glahn DC; Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA., Groenewold NA; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Gurholt TP; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Gutman BA; Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.; Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Kharkevich Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation., Hahn T; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., Harding IH; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Hernaus D; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands., Hibar DP; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA., Hillary FG; Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.; Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, USA., Hoogman M; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Hulshoff Pol HE; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Jalbrzikowski M; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Karkashadze GA; Research and Scientific Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health, CCH RAS, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Moscow, Russian Federation., Klapwijk ET; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Knickmeyer RC; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Kochunov P; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Koerte IK; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; CBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany., Kong XZ; Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Liew SL; Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Lin AP; Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Logue MW; National Center for PTSD at Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.; Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA., Luders E; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.; Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Macciardi F; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Mackey S; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA., Mayer AR; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA., McDonald CR; Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA., McMahon AB; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.; The Kavli Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Medland SE; Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Modinos G; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Morey RA; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA., Mueller SC; Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain., Mukherjee P; Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA., Namazova-Baranova L; Research and Scientific Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health, CCH RAS, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.; Department of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University MoH RF, Moscow, Russian Federation., Nir TM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Olsen A; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway., Paschou P; Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Pine DS; National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA., Pizzagalli F; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Rentería ME; Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Rohrer JD; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK., Sämann PG; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany., Schmaal L; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Schumann G; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany., Shiroishi MS; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Sisodiya SM; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, UK.; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK., Smit DJA; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Sønderby IE; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Stein DJ; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa., Stein JL; Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Tahmasian M; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I. R., Iran., Tate DF; Department of Neurology, TBI and Concussion Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Missouri Institute of Mental Health, Berkeley, MO, USA., Turner JA; Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA., van den Heuvel OA; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van der Wee NJA; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., van der Werf YD; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van Erp TGM; Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., van Haren NEM; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., van Rooij D; Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., van Velzen LS; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Veer IM; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany., Veltman DJ; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Villalon-Reina JE; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Walter H; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany., Whelan CD; Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.; Research and Early Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA., Wilde EA; Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Zarei M; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I. R., Iran., Zelman V; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Translational psychiatry [Transl Psychiatry] 2020 Mar 20; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 100. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 20.
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1
Abstrakt: This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
Databáze: MEDLINE