Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe.

Autor: Kyrou I; Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK. i.kyrou@aston.ac.uk.; WISDEM, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. i.kyrou@aston.ac.uk.; Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. i.kyrou@aston.ac.uk.; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. i.kyrou@aston.ac.uk., Tsigos C; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Greece., Mavrogianni C; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Greece., Cardon G; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Van Stappen V; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Latomme J; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Kivelä J; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland., Wikström K; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland., Tsochev K; Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria., Nanasi A; Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary., Semanova C; Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary., Mateo-Gallego R; Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón) CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain.; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain., Lamiquiz-Moneo I; Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón) CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain., Dafoulas G; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Ag. Thoma St, 11527, Athens, Greece., Timpel P; Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany., Schwarz PEH; Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Iotova V; Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria., Tankova T; Department of Diabetology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria., Makrilakis K; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Ag. Thoma St, 11527, Athens, Greece., Manios Y; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC endocrine disorders [BMC Endocr Disord] 2020 Mar 12; Vol. 20 (Suppl 1), pp. 134. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 12.
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0463-3
Abstrakt: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comprises the vast majority of all diabetes cases in adults, with alarmingly increasing prevalence over the past few decades worldwide. A particularly heavy healthcare burden of diabetes is noted in Europe, where 8.8% of the population aged 20-79 years is estimated to have diabetes according to the International Diabetes Federation. Multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM with complex underlying interplay and intricate gene-environment interactions. Thus, intense research has been focused on studying the role of T2DM risk factors and on identifying vulnerable groups for T2DM in the general population which can then be targeted for prevention interventions.
Methods: For this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the existing literature on T2DM risk factors, focusing on studies in adult cohorts from European countries which were published in English after January 2000.
Results: Multiple lifestyle-related and sociodemographic factors were identified as related to high T2DM risk, including age, ethnicity, family history, low socioeconomic status, obesity, metabolic syndrome and each of its components, as well as certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. As Europe has an increasingly aging population, multiple migrant and ethnic minority groups and significant socioeconomic diversity both within and across different countries, this review focuses not only on modifiable T2DM risk factors, but also on the impact of pertinent demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Conclusion: In addition to other T2DM risk factors, low socioeconomic status can significantly increase the risk for prediabetes and T2DM, but is often overlooked. In multinational and multicultural regions such as Europe, a holistic approach, which will take into account both traditional and socioeconomic/socioecological factors, is becoming increasingly crucial in order to implement multidimensional public health programs and integrated community-based interventions for effective T2DM prevention.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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