Rabies in Uganda: rabies knowledge, attitude and practice and molecular characterization of circulating virus strains.

Autor: Omodo M; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda. omodomichael@gmail.com., Ar Gouilh M; Normandy University, EA2656, GRAM2.0 - Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, UNICAEN - UNIROUEN, Caen University, 14000, Caen, France.; Virology Department, University Hospital Center of Caen, 14000, Caen, France., Mwiine FN; College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda., Okurut ARA; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Nantima N; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Namatovu A; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Nakanjako MF; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Isingoma E; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Arinaitwe E; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Esau M; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Kyazze S; Ministry of Health, National One Health Platform: Zoonotic Disease Coordination Office, Entebbe, Uganda., Bahati M; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Mayanja F; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Bagonza P; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Urri RA; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Lovincer MN; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Nabatta E; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Kidega E; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Ayebazibwe C; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Nakanjako G; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Sserugga J; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Ndumu DB; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Mwebe R; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Mugabi K; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda., Gonzalez JP; Georgetown university school of medicine, Washington, DC, USA., Sekamatte M; Ministry of Health, National One Health Platform: Zoonotic Disease Coordination Office, Entebbe, Uganda.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC infectious diseases [BMC Infect Dis] 2020 Mar 06; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 200. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 06.
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4934-y
Abstrakt: Background: Rabies is a deadly preventable viral disease that affects all warm-blooded animals and widespread in many regions including Africa. The disease remains of major public health importance in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to establish Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) of Rabies in Moyo and Ntoroko districts and to characterize Rabies virus (RABV) strains from seven districts of Uganda with consistent prevalence of rabies.
Methods: KAP survey data were collected based on animal biting history by interviewing the head of the veterinary departments, the medical centers and selected households from the study sites. Data were obtained from 84 households in Ntoroko and Moyo districts. Thirty-five (35) brain samples were collected from bovine, dogs, goats, foxes, jackals ad sheep between 2011 and 2013. Samples were tested using fluorescent antibody test (FAT), One step RT-PCR (following RNA extraction) and partial RABV N gene was sequenced by Sanger method before phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of sequences.
Results: Scarcity of post-exposure prophylaxis services in the health centers was noted. Poor attitude of wound washing and deficiency of knowledge on how to handle wounds related to dog bites and the significance among household participants lacked. There is a high risk of rabies infection due to a limited dog's vaccination. Dog biting episodes in humans were of 75.00 and 62.50% in Moyo and Ntoroko districts respectively. Twenty-seven (27) samples tested positive for rabies by FAT and PCR. Ugandan sequences were closely related (97% nucleotide id) to the rabies virus sequences from Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Nigeria, Central African Republic and Sudan with both the "Africa 1A" and "Africa 1B" RABV clades represented. A putative new clade 1D was also detected.
Conclusions: Rabies remains a public health hazard in Uganda. There is urgent need to establish advocacy programs in both schools and communities to curtail the spread of rabies. Increasing the knowledge regarding wound washing, post-exposure prophylaxis and dogs vaccination would enhance prevention of rabies. A strong collaboration between medical and veterinary sectors under a one health platform is required to ensure sufficient preventative services to the communities.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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