Identifying drivers of fox and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to evaluate measures for reducing contamination of fresh fruit and vegetables.

Autor:	Bastien M; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France.; French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France., Vaniscotte A; EcoDataDesign, 25000 Besançon, France., Combes B; French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France., Umhang G; ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France., Raton V; French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France., Germain E; CROC, Carnivore Research and Observation Center, 57590 Lucy, France., Villena I; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.; University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France., Aubert D; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.; University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France., Boué F; ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France., Poulle ML; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Food and waterborne parasitology [Food Waterborne Parasitol] 2018 Dec 29; Vol. 14, pp. e00034. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Dec 29 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI:	10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.e00034
Abstrakt:	Preventing foodborne pathogen contamination of raw fruit and vegetables in the field is critically important for public health. Specifically, it involves preventing faecal deposit by wildlife or domestic animals in fields of crops and kitchen gardens. The present study aims to identify the drivers of fox, dog and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to mitigate the risk of contamination of raw produce with parasites shed in carnivore faeces. The focus was on Echinococcus multilocularis , ranked highest in the importance of foodborne parasites in Europe, but attention was also paid to other parasites of major concern - Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. During the winters of 2014 to 2016, faecal samples were collected from 192 kitchen gardens located in north-eastern France. From these samples, 77% contained scat of carnivores. Molecular analyses revealed that 59% of the 1016 faeces collected were from cats, 31% from foxes, and 10% from dogs. The ease of accessibility to kitchen gardens, the presence of food in the vicinity, and the composition of the surrounding vegetation were used to explain the distribution of fox and cat faeces. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects modelling showed that: i) fencing was not efficient in reducing cat faecal deposits, but drastically decreases those of foxes; ii) the abundance of Microtus sp. indicates a reason for the presence of both fox and cat faecal deposits, iii) the abundance of Arvicola terrestris , the proximity of fruit trees or farms and the predominance of forest and grassland around the village are all drivers of fox faecal deposits. These results point to the importance of fencing around kitchen gardens located in E. multilocularis endemic areas, particularly those surrounded by forest and grassland or close to fruit trees or farms. (© 2019 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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