| Autor: |
Chaban IA; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia., Kononenko NV; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia., Gulevich AA; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia., Bogoutdinova LR; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia., Khaliluev MR; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia.; Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Agronomy and Biotechnology Faculty, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia., Baranova EN; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The study was devoted to morphological and cytoembryological analysis of disorders in the anther and pollen development of transgenic tomato plants with a normal and abnormal phenotype, which is characterized by the impaired development of generative organs. Various abnormalities in the structural organization of anthers and microspores were revealed. Such abnormalities in microspores lead to the blocking of asymmetric cell division and, accordingly, the male gametophyte formation. Some of the non-degenerated microspores accumulate a large number of storage inclusions, forming sterile mononuclear pseudo-pollen, which is similar in size and appearance to fertile pollen grain (looks like pollen grain). It was discussed that the growth of tapetal cells in abnormal anthers by increasing the size and ploidy level of nuclei contributes to this process. It has been shown that in transgenic plants with a normal phenotype, individual disturbances are also observed in the development of both male and female gametophytes. The reason for the developmental arrest of some ovules was the death of endosperm at different stages of the globular embryo. At the same time, noticeable hypertrophy of endothelial cells performing a secretory function was observed. In the ovules of transgenic plants with abnormalities, the endothelium forms a pseudo-embryo instead of the embryo sac, stimulating the development of parthenocarpic fruits. The data obtained in this study can be useful for a better understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and parthenocarpic fruit development in tomatoes. |
