| Autor: |
Karthi S; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India. karthientomology@gmail.com.; Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India. karthientomology@gmail.com., Vinothkumar M; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India., Karthic U; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India., Manigandan V; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Saravanan R; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Vasantha-Srinivasan P; Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600054, India., Kamaraj C; Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India., Shivakumar MS; Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India., De Mandal S; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China., Velusamy A; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India., Krutmuang P; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai, University, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. patcharink26@gmail.com., Senthil-Nathan S; Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India. senthil@msuniv.ac.in. |
| Abstrakt: |
Mosquitoes are principal vector of several vector-borne diseases affecting human beings leading to thousands of deaths per year and responsible for transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis. In the present study, we evaluated the different solvent extracts of mangrove Avicennia marina for their toxicity against larvae of three major mosquito vectors, as well as selected microbial pathogens. The larvicidal mortality of third instars was observed after 24 h. Highest larval mortality was found for the acetone extract of A. marina against Culex quinquefasciatus (LC 50 = 0.197 mg/ml; LC 90 = 1.5011 mg/ml), Anopheles stephensi (LC 50 = 0.176 mg/ml; LC 90 = 3.6290 mg/ml), and Aedes aegypti (LC 50 = 0.164 mg/ml; LC 90 = 4.3554 mg/ml). GC-MS analysis of acetone extract revealed 5 peaks, i.e., 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane (3.229%), eicosanoic acid (40.582%), cis-9-hexadecenal (70.54%), oleic acid (4.646%), and di-N-decylsulfone (5.136%). Parallel to larvicidal assay, sub-lethal dosage acetone extracts severely affected the enzyme regulations (α,β-carboxylesterase, GST and CYP450) of third instars. Larval and pupal durations increased in all treatment sub-lethal dosage (0.127, 0.151, 0.177, and 0.197 mg/ml), whereas egg hatchability and means of fecundity decreased compared to control. The survival rate was reduced statistically in Cx. quinquefasciatus (χ 2 = 23.77, df = 1, P = 0.001) in all the treatment dosages as compared to the control. Antimicrobial activity assays showed significant growth inhibition post treatment with acetone and methanol extracts against Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri. Overall, these results indicated the potential employment of A. marina extracts as a source of natural mosquitocidal and antimicrobial compounds of green-based environment. |
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