How do predators generalize warning signals in simple and complex prey communities? Insights from a videogame.

Autor:	Arias M; Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paul Valéry, 34293 Montpellier 5, France., Davey JW; Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK., Martin S; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK., Jiggins C; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK., Nadeau N; Molecular Ecology Lab, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK., Joron M; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paul Valéry, 34293 Montpellier 5, France., Llaurens V; Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2020 Feb 26; Vol. 287 (1921), pp. 20200014. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 19.
DOI:	10.1098/rspb.2020.0014
Abstrakt:	The persistence of distinct warning signals within and between sympatric mimetic communities is a puzzling evolutionary question because selection favours convergence of colour patterns among toxic species. Such convergence is partly shaped by predators' reaction to similar but not identical stimulus (i.e. generalization behaviour), and generalization by predators is likely to be shaped by the diversity of local prey. However, studying generalization behaviour is generally limited to simple variations of prey colour patterns. Here, we used a computer game played by humans as surrogate predators to investigate generalization behaviours in simple (4 morphs) and complex (10 morphs) communities of unprofitable (associated with a penalty) and profitable butterflies. Colour patterns used in the game are observed in the natural populations of unprofitable butterfly species such as Heliconius numata . Analyses of 449 game participants' behaviours show that players avoided unprofitable prey more readily in simple than in complex communities. However, generalization was observed only in players that faced complex communities, enhancing the protection of profitable prey that looked similar to at least one unprofitable morph. Additionally, similarity among unprofitable prey also reduced attack rates only in complex communities. These results are consistent with previous studies using avian predators but artificial colour patterns and suggest that mimicry is more likely to evolve in complex communities where increases in similarity are more likely to be advantageous.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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