| Autor: |
Yang L; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Richoux GM; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Norris EJ; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Cuba I; USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States., Jiang S; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Coquerel Q; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Demares F; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States., Linthicum KJ; USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States., Bloomquist JR; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Pyrethroids are one of the most commonly used classes of insecticides, and their acid and alcohol components are esterase degradation products, usually considered to be biologically inactive. In this study, it was found that several pyrethroid acids had a spatial repellent activity that was greater than DEET, often more active than the parent pyrethroids, and showed little cross resistance in a pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Further investigation revealed that the acids can synergize not only contact repellent standards but also other pyrethroid components as well as the parent pyrethroids themselves. Synergism by the pyrethroid acids is expressed as both increased spatial repellency and vapor toxicity as well as human bite protection. Electrophysiological studies confirmed that pyrethroid acids (100 μM) had no effect on neuronal discharge in larval Drosophila melanogaster CNS and were detected by electroantennography, and there was little resistance to olfactory sensing of these acids in antennae from Puerto Rico strain mosquitoes carrying kdr mutations. Thus, the data suggest that the pyrethroid acids have a different mode of action than the parent pyrethroids, unrelated to the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. The results highlight the potential of pyrethroid acids to be useful in future repellent formulations. |
