Psychrotrophs in raw milk: effect on texture, proteolysis index, and sensory evaluation of smoked provolone cheese.

Autor: Gasparini GBFB; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., Amorim FR; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., de Souza Correa S; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., Bruzaroski SR; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., Fagnani R; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., de Souza CHB; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., Damião BCM; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil., de Santana EHW; Master Program in Science and Technology of Milk and Dairy Products, University Pitágoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of the science of food and agriculture [J Sci Food Agric] 2020 Jun; Vol. 100 (8), pp. 3291-3296. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 18.
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10329
Abstrakt: Background: Provolone can be fresh or ripened, with its taste varying from sweet to spicy. The high psychrotrophic density of raw milk is associated with thermoresistant enzymes that can change cheese characteristics such as texture, promote sensory defects and decrease industrial yield. Two batches of provolone-type smoked cheese were produced from chilled raw milk with 3 log cfu mL -1 (Treatment 1) and 7 log cfu mL -1 (Treatment 2) of psychrotrophs. The psychrotrophic (21 °C for 25 h) and physical-chemical profile of the raw milk were determined. Cheeses were evaluated by fat level, primary and secondary proteolysis index, yield, protein profile (Urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and texture (hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and chewiness) at 14, 30, and 60 days of storage time. Sensorially, the cheeses were evaluated (100 tasters/period) using the triangular test.
Results: The treatments did not influence proteolysis index, although maturation influenced the proteolytic depth index after 60 days. The psychrotrophic population influenced α s 1- and β-casein fractions, while maturation time influenced α s 1- and γ-casein fractions. Treatment 2 induced a 3% reduction in cheese yield. Hardness and chewiness showed a linear and positive relationship with the milk's psychrotrophic load. There was a significant difference in the fat content of the cheeses, with Treatment 2 having a lower level. The triangular test showed no difference between the cheeses.
Conclusion: Although the larger psychrotrophic population in raw milk was associated with superior values of hardness and chewiness, as well as an increase in protein fractions indicating that proteolysis was observed, the tasters did not identify sensorial differences between the cheeses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
(© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: