Impact of brain atrophy on tDCS and HD-tDCS current flow: a modeling study in three variants of primary progressive aphasia.

Autor: Unal G; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA., Ficek B; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 488, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA., Webster K; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 488, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.; Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA., Shahabuddin S; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA., Truong D; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA., Hampstead B; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA., Bikson M; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA., Tsapkini K; Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 488, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. tsapkini@jhmi.edu.; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. tsapkini@jhmi.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology [Neurol Sci] 2020 Jul; Vol. 41 (7), pp. 1781-1789. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 10.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04229-z
Abstrakt: Background: During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the amount and distribution of current that reaches the brain depends on individual anatomy. Many progressive neurodegenerative diseases are associated with cortical atrophy, but the importance of individual brain atrophy during tDCS in patients with progressive atrophy, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), remains unclear.
Objective: In the present study, we addressed the question whether brain anatomy in patients with distinct cortical atrophy patterns would impact brain current intensity and distribution during tDCS over the left IFG.
Method: We developed state-of-the-art, gyri-precise models of three subjects, each representing a variant of primary progressive aphasia: non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). We considered two exemplary montages over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG): a conventional pad montage (anode over F7, cathode over the right cheek) and a 4 × 1 high-definition tDCS montage. We further considered whether local anatomical features, specifically distance of the cortex to skull, can directly predict local electric field intensity.
Results: We found that the differences in brain current flow across the three PPA variants fall within the distribution of anatomically typical adults. While clustering of electric fields was often around individual gyri or sulci, the minimal distance from the gyri/sulci to skull was not correlated with electric field intensity.
Conclusion: Limited to the conditions and assumptions considered here, this argues against a specific need to adjust the tDCS montage for these patients any more than might be considered useful in anatomically typical adults. Therefore, local atrophy does not, in isolation, reliably predict local electric field. Rather, our results are consistent with holistic head anatomy influencing brain current flow, with tDCS producing diffuse and individualized brain current flow patterns and HD-tDCS producing targeted brain current flow across individuals.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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