Five-Year Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement.

Autor:	Makkar RR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Thourani VH; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Mack MJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kodali SK; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kapadia S; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Webb JG; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Yoon SH; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Trento A; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Svensson LG; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Herrmann HC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Szeto WY; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Miller DC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Satler L; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Cohen DJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Dewey TM; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Babaliaros V; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Williams MR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Kereiakes DJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Zajarias A; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Greason KL; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Whisenant BK; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Hodson RW; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Brown DL; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Fearon WF; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Russo MJ; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Pibarot P; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Hahn RT; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Jaber WA; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Rogers E; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Xu K; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Wheeler J; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Alu MC; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Smith CR; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.)., Leon MB; From Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) - all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) - both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) - both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) - both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) - both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J.C.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (D.J.K.); Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis (A.Z.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (K.L.G.); Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City (B.K.W.); Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR (R.W.H.); and Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (M.J.R.).
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2020 Jan 29; Vol. 382 (9), pp. 799-809. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 29 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.1056/NEJMoa1910555
Abstrakt:	Background: There are scant data on long-term clinical outcomes and bioprosthetic-valve function after transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) as compared with surgical aortic-valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk. Methods: We enrolled 2032 intermediate-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis at 57 centers. Patients were stratified according to intended transfemoral or transthoracic access (76.3% and 23.7%, respectively) and were randomly assigned to undergo either TAVR or surgical replacement. Clinical, echocardiographic, and health-status outcomes were followed for 5 years. The primary end point was death from any cause or disabling stroke. Results: At 5 years, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death from any cause or disabling stroke between the TAVR group and the surgery group (47.9% and 43.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.25; P = 0.21). Results were similar for the transfemoral-access cohort (44.5% and 42.0%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.20), but the incidence of death or disabling stroke was higher after TAVR than after surgery in the transthoracic-access cohort (59.3% vs. 48.3%; hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.71). At 5 years, more patients in the TAVR group than in the surgery group had at least mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation (33.3% vs. 6.3%). Repeat hospitalizations were more frequent after TAVR than after surgery (33.3% vs. 25.2%), as were aortic-valve reinterventions (3.2% vs. 0.8%). Improvement in health status at 5 years was similar for TAVR and surgery. Conclusions: Among patients with aortic stenosis who were at intermediate surgical risk, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death or disabling stroke at 5 years after TAVR as compared with surgical aortic-valve replacement. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; PARTNER 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01314313.). (Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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