| Autor: |
Williams GP; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA., Marmion DJ; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA., Schonhoff AM; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA., Jurkuvenaite A; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA., Won WJ; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA., Standaert DG; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA., Kordower JH; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA., Harms AS; Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1719 6th Ave. South, CIRC 446, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0021, USA. anharms@uab.edu. |
| Abstrakt: |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in oligodendrocytes accompanied by inflammation, demyelination, and subsequent synapse and neuronal loss. Little is known about the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MSA. However, recent work has highlighted the important role of the immune system to the pathophysiology of other synuclein-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated postmortem brain tissue from MSA patients and control subjects for evidence of immune activation in the brain. We found a significant increase of HLA-DR + microglia in the putamen and substantia nigra of MSA patient tissue compared to controls, as well as significant increases in CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells in these same brain regions. To model MSA in vivo, we utilized a viral vector that selectively overexpresses α-syn in oligodendrocytes (Olig001-SYN) with > 95% tropism in the dorsal striatum of mice, resulting in demyelination and neuroinflammation similar to that observed in human MSA. Oligodendrocyte transduction with this vector resulted in a robust inflammatory response, which included increased MHCII expression on central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory monocytes into the CNS. We also observed robust infiltration of CD4 T cells into the CNS and antigen-experienced CD4 T cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes. Importantly, genetic deletion of TCR-β or CD4 T cells attenuated α-syn-induced inflammation and demyelination in vivo. These results suggest that T cell priming and infiltration into the CNS are key mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in MSA, and therapeutics targeting T cells may be disease modifying. |
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