Archaeological evidence for two separate dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia.

Autor:	Kolobova KA; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; kolobovak@yandex.ru rgrob@uow.edu.au., Roberts RG; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; kolobovak@yandex.ru rgrob@uow.edu.au.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia., Chabai VP; Institute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 04210 Kyiv, Ukraine., Jacobs Z; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia., Krajcarz MT; Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland., Shalagina AV; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia., Krivoshapkin AI; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.; Department of Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia., Li B; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia., Uthmeier T; Institute of Prehistory and Protohistory, Department of Classical World and Asian Cultures, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany., Markin SV; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia., Morley MW; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia., O'Gorman K; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia., Rudaya NA; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia., Talamo S; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany., Viola B; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada., Derevianko AP; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2020 Feb 11; Vol. 117 (6), pp. 2879-2885. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 27.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1918047117
Abstrakt:	Neanderthals were once widespread across Europe and western Asia. They also penetrated into the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia, but the geographical origin of these populations and the timing of their dispersal have remained elusive. Here we describe an archaeological assemblage from Chagyrskaya Cave, situated in the Altai foothills, where around 90,000 Middle Paleolithic artifacts and 74 Neanderthal remains have been recovered from deposits dating to between 59 and 49 thousand years ago (age range at 95.4% probability). Environmental reconstructions suggest that the Chagyrskaya hominins were adapted to the dry steppe and hunted bison. Their distinctive toolkit closely resembles Micoquian assemblages from central and eastern Europe, including the northern Caucasus, more than 3,000 kilometers to the west of Chagyrskaya Cave. At other Altai sites, evidence of earlier Neanderthal populations lacking associated Micoquian-like artifacts implies two or more Neanderthal incursions into this region. We identify eastern Europe as the most probable ancestral source region for the Chagyrskaya toolmakers, supported by DNA results linking the Neanderthal remains with populations in northern Croatia and the northern Caucasus, and providing a rare example of a long-distance, intercontinental population movement associated with a distinctive Paleolithic toolkit. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest. (Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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