Phylogenetic relationships between fungus-associated Neotropical species of the genera Hirtodrosophila, Mycodrosophila and Zygothrica (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with insights into the evolution of breeding sites usage.

Autor: Gautério TB; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PPGBAC), Av. Itália, km 08, Campus Carreiros, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil., Machado S; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal (PPGBA), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil., Loreto ELDS; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal (PPGBA), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil., Gottschalk MS; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Campus Capão do Leão, Mail Box 354, CEP 96010-900 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil., Robe LJ; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PPGBAC), Av. Itália, km 08, Campus Carreiros, CEP 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal (PPGBA), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: lizbiogen@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution [Mol Phylogenet Evol] 2020 Apr; Vol. 145, pp. 106733. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 11.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106733
Abstrakt: The Neotropical region harbors an astonishing diversity of species, but still encompasses the least studied biogeographic region of the world. These properties apply for different taxonomic groups, and can be exemplified by drosophilids. In fact, high levels of cryptic diversity have recently been discovered for Neotropical species of the Zygothrica genus group, but relationships among these species, or them and other Drosophilidae species still remains to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between fungus-associated Neotropical species of the genera Hirtodrosophila, Mycodrosophila and Zygothrica, which together with Paramycodrosophila and Paraliodrosophila compose the Zygothrica genus group. For this, fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunits I (COI) and II (COII) genes, and the nuclear alpha methyldopa (Amd) and dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes were newly characterized for 43 Neotropical specimens of fungus-associated drosophilids, and analyzed in the context of 51 additional Drosophilinae sequences plus one Steganinae outgroup. Based on the resulting phylogeny, the evolution of breeding sites usage was also evaluated through ancestral character reconstructions. Our results revealed the Zygothrica genus group as a monophyletic lineage of Drosophila that branches after the subgenera Sophophora and Drosophila. Within this lineage, Mycodrosophila species seem to encompass the early offshoot, followed by a grade of Hirtodrosophila species, with derived branches mostly occupied by representatives of Zygothrica. This genus, in particular, was subdivided into five major clades, two of which include species of Hirtodrosophila, whose generic status needs to be reevatuated. According to our results, the use of fungi as breeding sites encompasses a symplesiomorphy for the Zygothrica genus group, since one of the recovered clades is currently specialized in using flowers as breeding sites whereas a sole species presents a reversal to the use of fruits of a plant of Gentianales. So, in general, this study supports the paraphyly of Drosophila in relation to fungus-associated Neotropical species of Drosophilidae, providing the first molecular insights into the phylogenetic patterns related to the evolution of this diverse group of species and some of its characteristic traits.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: