| Autor: |
Schwarz KN, Geraghty PB, Mitchell VD, Khan SU, Sandberg OJ; Department of Physics , Swansea University , Singleton Park , Swansea , Wales SA2 8PP , United Kingdom., Zarrabi N; Department of Physics , Swansea University , Singleton Park , Swansea , Wales SA2 8PP , United Kingdom., Kudisch B, Subbiah J, Smith TA, Rand BP, Armin A; Department of Physics , Swansea University , Singleton Park , Swansea , Wales SA2 8PP , United Kingdom., Scholes GD, Jones DJ, Ghiggino KP |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of the American Chemical Society [J Am Chem Soc] 2020 Feb 05; Vol. 142 (5), pp. 2562-2571. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 22. |
| DOI: |
10.1021/jacs.9b12526 |
| Abstrakt: |
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) efficiencies continue to rise, raising their prospects for solar energy conversion. However, researchers have long considered how to suppress the loss of free carriers by recombination-poor diffusion and significant Coulombic attraction can cause electrons and holes to encounter each other at interfaces close to where they were photogenerated. Using femtosecond transient spectroscopies, we report the nanosecond grow-in of a large transient Stark effect, caused by nanoscale electric fields of ∼487 kV/cm between photogenerated free carriers in the device active layer. We find that particular morphologies of the active layer lead to an energetic cascade for charge carriers, suppressing pathways to recombination, which is ∼2000 times less than predicted by Langevin theory. This in turn leads to the buildup of electric charge in donor and acceptor domains-away from the interface-resistant to bimolecular recombination. Interestingly, this signal is only experimentally obvious in thick films due to the different scaling of electroabsorption and photoinduced absorption signals in transient absorption spectroscopy. Rather than inhibiting device performance, we show that devices up to 600 nm thick maintain efficiencies of >8% because domains can afford much higher carrier densities. These observations suggest that with particular nanoscale morphologies the bulk heterojunction can go beyond its established role in charge photogeneration and can act as a capacitor, where adjacent free charges are held away from the interface and can be protected from bimolecular recombination. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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