Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO 2 on the north-west European shelf.

Autor: Kitidis V; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK. vak@pml.ac.uk., Shutler JD; University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK., Ashton I; University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK., Warren M; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK., Brown I; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK., Findlay H; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK., Hartman SE; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK., Sanders R; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK., Humphreys M; Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Kivimäe C; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK., Greenwood N; Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK., Hull T; Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK., Pearce D; Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK., McGrath T; National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland., Stewart BM; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK., Walsham P; Marine Scotland Science (MSS), Aberdeen, UK., McGovern E; The Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland., Bozec Y; Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR CNRS - UPMC 7144 - Equipe Chimie Marine, Roscoff, France., Gac JP; Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR CNRS - UPMC 7144 - Equipe Chimie Marine, Roscoff, France., van Heuven SMAC; University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen, Netherlands., Hoppema M; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany., Schuster U; University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK., Johannessen T; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Omar A; NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Lauvset SK; NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Skjelvan I; NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Olsen A; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Steinhoff T; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany., Körtzinger A; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany., Becker M; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway., Lefevre N; Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-IRD-CNRS-MNHN, LOCEAN, Paris, France., Diverrès D; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France., Gkritzalis T; VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium., Cattrijsse A; VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium., Petersen W; Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany., Voynova YG; Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany., Chapron B; Institut Francais Recherche Pour ĹExploitation de la Mer, Pointe du Diable, 29280, Plouzané, France., Grouazel A; Institut Francais Recherche Pour ĹExploitation de la Mer, Pointe du Diable, 29280, Plouzané, France., Land PE; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK., Sharples J; University of Liverpool, School of Environmental Sciences, Liverpool, UK., Nightingale PD; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2019 Dec 27; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 20153. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 27.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56363-5
Abstrakt: Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 observations of CO 2 fugacity (fCO 2 ) from a single year (2015), to estimate the net influx of atmospheric CO 2 as 26.2 ± 4.7 Tg C yr -1 over the open NW European shelf. CO 2 influx from the atmosphere was dominated by influx during winter as a consequence of high winds, despite a smaller, thermally-driven, air-sea fCO 2 gradient compared to the larger, biologically-driven summer gradient. In order to understand this climate regulation service, we constructed a carbon-budget supplemented by data from the literature, where the NW European shelf is treated as a box with carbon entering and leaving the box. This budget showed that net C-burial was a small sink of 1.3 ± 3.1 Tg C yr -1 , while CO 2 efflux from estuaries to the atmosphere, removed the majority of river C-inputs. In contrast, the input from the Baltic Sea likely contributes to net export via the continental shelf pump and advection (34.4 ± 6.0 Tg C yr -1 ).
Databáze: MEDLINE
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