| Autor: |
Rothenberg WA; Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA., Lansford JE; Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Alampay LP; Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines., Al-Hassan SM; Department of Special Education, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, and Counseling, Special Education, and Neuroscience Division, Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE., Bacchini D; Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples 'Federico II,' Naples, Italy., Bornstein MH; Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA., Chang L; Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China., Deater-Deckard K; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA., Di Giunta L; Department of Psychology, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy., Dodge KA; Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Malone PS; Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Oburu P; Department of Educational Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya., Pastorelli C; Department of Psychology, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy., Skinner AT; Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Sorbring E; Division of Psychology, Pedagogy, and Sociology, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden., Steinberg L; Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Tapanya S; Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand., Tirado LMU; Department of Psychology, San Buenaventura University, Medellín, Colombia., Yotanyamaneewong S; Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
| Abstrakt: |
This study used data from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States; N = 1,315) to investigate bidirectional associations between parental warmth and control, and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, the extent to which these associations held across mothers and fathers and across cultures with differing normative levels of parent warmth and control were examined. Mothers, fathers, and children completed measures when children were ages 8 to 13. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that evocative child-driven effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior on warmth and control are ubiquitous across development, cultures, mothers, and fathers. Results also reveal that parenting effects on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, though rarer than child effects, extend into adolescence when examined separately in mothers and fathers. Father-based parent effects were more frequent than mother effects. Most parent- and child-driven effects appear to emerge consistently across cultures. The rare culture-specific parenting effects suggested that occasionally the effects of parenting behaviors that run counter to cultural norms may be delayed in rendering their protective effect against deleterious child outcomes. |
