Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000-108,000 years ago.

Autor: Rizal Y; Department of Geology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia., Westaway KE; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. kira.westaway@mq.edu.au., Zaim Y; Department of Geology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia., van den Bergh GD; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia., Bettis EA 3rd; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Morwood MJ; Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia., Huffman OF; Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA., Grün R; Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia., Joannes-Boyau R; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia., Bailey RM; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Sidarto; Geology Museum, Geological Agency, Bandung, Indonesia., Westaway MC; Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Kurniawan I; Geology Museum, Geological Agency, Bandung, Indonesia., Moore MW; Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia., Storey M; Quadlab, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Aziz F; Geology Museum, Geological Agency, Bandung, Indonesia., Suminto; Geology Museum, Geological Agency, Bandung, Indonesia., Zhao JX; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Aswan; Department of Geology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia., Sipola ME; Chemistry and Geology Department, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA., Larick R; Bluestone Heights, Shore Cultural Center, Cleveland, OH, USA., Zonneveld JP; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Scott R; Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA., Putt S; The Stone Age Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA., Ciochon RL; Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. russell-ciochon@uiowa.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2020 Jan; Vol. 577 (7790), pp. 381-385. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 18.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1863-2
Abstrakt: Homo erectus is the founding early hominin species of Island Southeast Asia, and reached Java (Indonesia) more than 1.5 million years ago 1,2 . Twelve H. erectus calvaria (skull caps) and two tibiae (lower leg bones) were discovered from a bone bed located about 20 m above the Solo River at Ngandong (Central Java) between 1931 and 1933 3,4 , and are of the youngest, most-advanced form of H. erectus 5-8 . Despite the importance of the Ngandong fossils, the relationship between the fossils, terrace fill and ages have been heavily debated 9-14 . Here, to resolve the age of the Ngandong evidence, we use Bayesian modelling of 52 radiometric age estimates to establish-to our knowledge-the first robust chronology at regional, valley and local scales. We used uranium-series dating of speleothems to constrain regional landscape evolution; luminescence, 40 argon/ 39 argon ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) and uranium-series dating to constrain the sequence of terrace evolution; and applied uranium-series and uranium series-electron-spin resonance (US-ESR) dating to non-human fossils to directly date our re-excavation of Ngandong 5,15 . We show that at least by 500 thousand years ago (ka) the Solo River was diverted into the Kendeng Hills, and that it formed the Solo terrace sequence between 316 and 31 ka and the Ngandong terrace between about 140 and 92 ka. Non-human fossils recovered during the re-excavation of Ngandong date to between 109 and 106 ka (uranium-series minimum) 16 and 134 and 118 ka (US-ESR), with modelled ages of 117 to 108 thousand years (kyr) for the H. erectus bone bed, which accumulated during flood conditions 3,17 . These results negate the extreme ages that have been proposed for the site and solidify Ngandong as the last known occurrence of this long-lived species.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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