Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons.

Autor: Sulpizio JA; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Ella L; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Rozen A; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Birkbeck J; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Perello DJ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Dutta D; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Ben-Shalom M; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Taniguchi T; National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan., Watanabe K; National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan., Holder T; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Queiroz R; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Principi A; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Stern A; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel., Scaffidi T; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Geim AK; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Ilani S; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. shahal.ilani@weizmann.ac.il.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2019 Dec; Vol. 576 (7785), pp. 75-79. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 04.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1788-9
Abstrakt: Hydrodynamics, which generally describes the flow of a fluid, is expected to hold even for fundamental particles such as electrons when inter-particle interactions dominate 1 . Although various aspects of electron hydrodynamics have been revealed in recent experiments 2-11 , the fundamental spatial structure of hydrodynamic electrons-the Poiseuille flow profile-has remained elusive. Here we provide direct imaging of the Poiseuille flow of an electronic fluid, as well as a visualization of its evolution from ballistic flow. Using a scanning carbon nanotube single-electron transistor 12 , we image the Hall voltage of electronic flow through channels of high-mobility graphene. We find that the profile of the Hall field across the channel is a key physical quantity for distinguishing ballistic from hydrodynamic flow. We image the transition from flat, ballistic field profiles at low temperatures into parabolic field profiles at elevated temperatures, which is the hallmark of Poiseuille flow. The curvature of the imaged profiles is qualitatively reproduced by Boltzmann calculations, which allow us to create a 'phase diagram' that characterizes the electron flow regimes. Our results provide direct confirmation of Poiseuille flow in the solid state, and enable exploration of the rich physics of interacting electrons in real space.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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