| Autor: |
Murray GPD; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Lissenden N; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Jones J; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Voloshin V; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Toé KH; Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Sherrard-Smith E; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK., Foster GM; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Churcher TS; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK., Parker JEA; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Towers CE; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., N'Falé S; Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Guelbeogo WM; Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Ranson H; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Towers D; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., McCall PJ; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. philip.mccall@lstmed.ac.uk. |
| Abstrakt: |
Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites occurs when nocturnal Anopheles mosquito vectors feed on human blood. In Africa, where malaria burden is highest, bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide were highly effective in preventing mosquito bites and reducing transmission, and essential to achieving unprecedented reductions in malaria until 2015 (ref. 1 ). Since then, progress has stalled 2 , and with insecticidal bednets losing efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors 3,4 , methods that restore performance are urgently needed to eliminate any risk of malaria returning to the levels seen before their widespread use throughout sub-Saharan Africa 5 . Here, we show that the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is targeted and killed by small insecticidal net barriers positioned above a standard bednet in a spatial region of high mosquito activity but zero contact with sleepers, opening the way for deploying many more insecticides on bednets than is currently possible. Tested against wild pyrethroid-resistant A. gambiae in Burkina Faso, pyrethroid bednets with organophosphate barriers achieved significantly higher killing rates than bednets alone. Treated barriers on untreated bednets were equally effective, without significant loss of personal protection. Mathematical modelling of transmission dynamics predicted reductions in clinical malaria incidence with barrier bednets that matched those of 'next-generation' nets recommended by the World Health Organization against resistant vectors. Mathematical models of mosquito-barrier interactions identified alternative barrier designs to increase performance. Barrier bednets that overcome insecticide resistance are feasible using existing insecticides and production technology, and early implementation of affordable vector control tools is a realistic prospect. |
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