Domains of transmission and association of community, school, and household sanitation with soil-transmitted helminth infections among children in coastal Kenya.

Autor: Oswald WE; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Halliday KE; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Mcharo C; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Witek-McManus S; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Kepha S; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.; Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya., Gichuki PM; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Cano J; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Diaz-Ordaz K; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Allen E; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Mwandawiro CS; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Anderson RM; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom., Brooker SJ; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Pullan RL; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Njenga SM; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2019 Nov 25; Vol. 13 (11), pp. e0007488. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Nov 25 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007488
Abstrakt: Introduction: Few studies have simultaneously examined the role of sanitation conditions at the home, school, and community on soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection. We examined the contribution of each domain that children inhabit (home, village, and school) to STH infection and estimated the association of STH infection with sanitation in each domain.
Methods: Using data from 4,104 children from Kwale County, Kenya, who reported attending school, we used logistic regression models with cross-classified random effects to calculate measures of general contextual effects and estimate associations of village sanitation coverage (percentage of households with reported access to sanitation), school sanitation coverage (number of usable toilets per enrolled pupil), and sanitation access at home with STH infection.
Findings: We found reported use of a sanitation facility by households was associated with reduced prevalence of hookworm infection but not with reduced prevalence of T. trichiura infection. School sanitation coverage > 3 toilets per 100 pupils was associated with lower prevalence of hookworm infection. School sanitation was not associated with T. trichiura infection. Village sanitation coverage > 81% was associated with reduced prevalence of T. trichiura infection, but no protective association was detected for hookworm infection. General contextual effects represented by residual heterogeneity between village and school domains had comparable impact upon likelihood of hookworm and T. trichiura infection as sanitation coverage in either of these domains.
Conclusion: Findings support the importance of providing good sanitation facilities to support mass drug administration in reducing the burden of STH infection in children.
Competing Interests: RMA was a nonexecutive director of GlaxoSmithKline, manufacturer of albendazole, during the period in which the paper was developed. He no longer holds this position but remains a stockholder. SJB is currently employed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) but was employed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine when TUMIKIA was designed and commenced. GlaxoSmithKline and BMGF played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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