Generation and regulation of microtubule network asymmetry to drive cell polarity.

Autor: Meiring JCM; Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Shneyer BI; Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands., Akhmanova A; Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.akhmanova@uu.nl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Current opinion in cell biology [Curr Opin Cell Biol] 2020 Feb; Vol. 62, pp. 86-95. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Nov 15.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.004
Abstrakt: Microtubules control cell architecture by serving as a scaffold for intracellular transport, signaling, and organelle positioning. Microtubules are intrinsically polarized, and their orientation, density, and post-translational modifications both respond and contribute to cell polarity. Animal cells that can rapidly reorient their polarity axis, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and cancer cells, contain radially organized microtubule arrays anchored at the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, whereas stably polarized cells often acquire non-centrosomal microtubule networks attached to the cell cortex, nucleus, or other structures. Microtubule density, longevity, and post-translational modifications strongly depend on the dynamics of their plus ends. Factors controlling microtubule plus-end dynamics are often part of cortical assemblies that integrate cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and secretion and are subject to microtubule-dependent feedback regulation. Finally, microtubules can mechanically contribute to cell asymmetry by promoting cell elongation, a property that might be important for cells with dense microtubule arrays growing in soft environments.
(Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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