Emergence of a Plant Pathogen in Europe Associated with Multiple Intercontinental Introductions.

Autor:	Landa BB; Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain blanca.landa@csic.es., Castillo AI; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA., Giampetruzzi A; Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Universit à degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Kahn A; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA., Román-Écija M; Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Velasco-Amo MP; Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Navas-Cortés JA; Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Marco-Noales E; Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain., Barbé S; Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain., Moralejo E; Tragsa, Empresa de Transformación Agraria, Delegación de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain., Coletta-Filho HD; Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira (IAC), Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil., Saldarelli P; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy., Saponari M; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy., Almeida RPP; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Applied and environmental microbiology [Appl Environ Microbiol] 2020 Jan 21; Vol. 86 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 21 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.1128/AEM.01521-19
Abstrakt:	Pathogen introductions have led to numerous disease outbreaks in naive regions of the globe. The plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa has been associated with various recent epidemics in Europe affecting agricultural crops, such as almond, grapevine, and olive, but also endemic species occurring in natural forest landscapes and ornamental plants. We compared whole-genome sequences of X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex from America and strains associated with recent outbreaks in southern Europe to infer their likely origins and paths of introduction within and between the two continents. Phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple introductions of X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex into Italy, Spain, and France, most of which emerged from a clade with limited genetic diversity with a likely origin in California, USA. The limited genetic diversity observed in X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex strains originating from California is likely due to the clade itself being an introduction from X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex populations in the southeastern United States, where this subspecies is most likely endemic. Despite the genetic diversity found in some areas in Europe, there was no clear evidence of recombination occurring among introduced X. fastidiosa strains in Europe. Sequence type taxonomy, based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), was shown, at least in one case, to not lead to monophyletic clades of this pathogen; whole-genome sequence data were more informative in resolving the history of introductions than MLST data. Although additional data are necessary to carefully tease out the paths of these recent dispersal events, our results indicate that whole-genome sequence data should be considered when developing management strategies for X. fastidiosa outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Xylella fastidiosa is an economically important plant-pathogenic bacterium that has emerged as a pathogen of global importance associated with a devastating epidemic in olive trees in Italy associated with X. fastidiosa subspecies pauca and other outbreaks in Europe, such as X. fastidiosa subspecies fastidiosa and X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex in Spain and X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex in France. We present evidence of multiple introductions of X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex , likely from the United States, into Spain, Italy, and France. These introductions illustrate the risks associated with the commercial trade of plant material at global scales and the need to develop effective policy to limit the likelihood of pathogen pollution into naive regions. Our study demonstrates the need to utilize whole-genome sequence data to study X. fastidiosa introductions at outbreak stages, since a limited number of genetic markers does not provide sufficient phylogenetic resolution to determine dispersal paths or relationships among strains that are of biological and quarantine relevance. (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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