Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathophysiology to Treatment.

Autor:	Marino BLB; Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil., de Souza LR; Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil., Sousa KPA; Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil., Ferreira JV; Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil., Padilha EC; Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil., da Silva CHTP; Laboratório Computacional de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil., Taft CA; Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Hage-Melim LIS; Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry [Mini Rev Med Chem] 2020; Vol. 20 (9), pp. 754-767.
DOI:	10.2174/1389557519666191104110908
Abstrakt:	Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients. (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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