Diabetic Retinopathy May Indicate an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes-A Nested Case-Control Study in Brazil.

Autor:	Melo LGN; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Morales PH; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Drummond KRG; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Santos DC; Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Pizarro MH; Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Barros BSV; Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Mattos TCL; Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes of the State of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil., Pinheiro AA; Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital of Taguatinga, Brasilia, Brazil., Mallmann F; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Leal FSL; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil., Muniz LH; Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Malerbi FK; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Gomes MB; Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2019 Oct 11; Vol. 10, pp. 689. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Oct 11 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI:	10.3389/fendo.2019.00689
Abstrakt:	Objective: Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, and diabetic retinopathy, the main cause of blindness in economically active populations, share clinical risk factors, and pathophysiological features. The aim of this study is to examine the association between diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and common risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes. Design and Methods: This nested case-control study was performed in patients from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group, a nationwide survey that was conducted in Brazil and enrolled 1,760 patients with type 1 diabetes. A total of 342 patients were selected (57 cases with macrovascular disease and 285 controls who were matched for duration of diabetes and gender). Results: In the exploratory analysis, stratified by cardiovascular disease, the following variables were statistically significant: age ( p =0.037), hypertension ( p =0.035), high BMI ( p = 0.046), diabetic retinopathy ( p = 0.003), and chronic kidney disease ( p = 0.026). By multivariate logistic regression, patients with diabetic retinopathy were more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.16-4.02, p = 0.015). Although to a lesser extent than diabetic retinopathy, higher BMI levels were also related to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease of 1.08 (95% CI 1.01-1.15, p = 0.024). Conclusion: The presence of diabetic retinopathy indicates a greater risk for cardiovascular disease in Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are warranted to determine whether a noninvasive exam, such as fundoscopy, could help identify patients who show an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. (Copyright © 2019 Melo, Morales, Drummond, Santos, Pizarro, Barros, Mattos, Pinheiro, Mallmann, Leal, Muniz, Malerbi and Gomes.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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