Functional response of wolves to human development across boreal North America.

Autor: Muhly TB; Forest Analysis and Inventory Branch Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development Government of British Columbia Victoria BC Canada., Johnson CA; Science and Technology Branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada Ottawa ON Canada., Hebblewhite M; Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT USA., Neilson EW; Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada., Fortin D; Department of Biology Centre d'étude de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada., Fryxell JM; Department of Integrated Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada., Latham ADM; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand., Latham MC; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand., McLoughlin PD; Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada., Merrill E; Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada., Paquet PC; Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada., Patterson BR; Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Trent University Peterborough ON Canada., Schmiegelow F; Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta c/o Yukon Research Centre Whitehorse YT Canada., Scurrah F; Transmission Line and Civil Construction Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MB Canada., Musiani M; Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2019 Aug 30; Vol. 9 (18), pp. 10801-10815. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 30 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5600
Abstrakt: Aim: The influence of humans on large carnivores, including wolves, is a worldwide conservation concern. In addition, human-caused changes in carnivore density and distribution might have impacts on prey and, indirectly, on vegetation. We therefore tested wolf responses to infrastructure related to natural resource development (i.e., human footprint).
Location: Our study provides one of the most extensive assessments of how predators like wolves select habitat in response to various degrees of footprint across boreal ecosystems encompassing over a million square kilometers of Canada.
Methods: We deployed GPS-collars on 172 wolves, monitored movements and used a generalized functional response (GFR) model of resource selection. A functional response in habitat selection occurs when selection varies as a function of the availability of that habitat. GFRs can clarify how human-induced habitat changes are influencing wildlife across large, diverse landscapes.
Results: Wolves displayed a functional response to footprint. Wolves were more likely to select forest harvest cutblocks in regions with higher cutblock density (i.e., a positive functional response to high-quality habitats for ungulate prey) and to select for higher road density in regions where road density was high (i.e., a positive functional response to human-created travel routes). Wolves were more likely to use cutblocks in habitats with low road densities, and more likely to use roads in habitats with low cutblock densities, except in winter when wolves were more likely to use roads regardless of cutblock density.
Main Conclusions: These interactions suggest that wolves trade-off among human-impacted habitats, and adaptively switch from using roads to facilitate movement (while also risking encounters with humans), to using cutblocks that may have higher ungulate densities. We recommend that conservation managers consider the contextual and interacting effects of footprints when assessing impacts on carnivores. These effects likely have indirect impacts on ecosystems too, including on prey species.
Competing Interests: None declared.
(© 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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