Reduced Virulence of an Introduced Forest Pathogen over 50 Years.

Autor:	Bradshaw RE; School of Fundamental Sciences and Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. r.e.bradshaw@massey.ac.nz., Ormond S; School of Fundamental Sciences and Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. S.Ormond@massey.ac.nz., Dupont PY; Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. pierre.dupont@esr.cri.nz., Chettri P; AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. Pranav.Chettri@agresearch.co.nz., Ozturk IK; School of Fundamental Sciences and Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. kutayozturk@gmail.com., McDougal RL; Scion, NZ Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. Rebecca.McDougal@scionresearch.com., Bulman LS; Scion, NZ Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. Lindsay.Bulman@scionresearch.com., Cox MP; School of Fundamental Sciences and Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand. M.P.Cox@massey.ac.nz.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Microorganisms [Microorganisms] 2019 Oct 05; Vol. 7 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Oct 05.
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms7100420
Abstrakt:	Pathogen incursions are a major impediment for global forest health. How pathogens and forest trees coexist over time, without pathogens simply killing their long-lived hosts, is a critical but unanswered question. The Dothistroma Needle Blight pathogen Dothistroma septosporum was introduced into New Zealand in the 1960s and remains a low-diversity, asexual population, providing a unique opportunity to analyze the evolution of a forest pathogen. Isolates of D. septosporum collected from commercial pine forests over 50 years were compared at whole-genome and phenotype levels. Limited genome diversity and increased diversification among recent isolates support the premise of a single introduction event. Isolates from the 1960s show significantly elevated virulence against Pinus radiata seedlings and produce higher levels of the virulence factor dothistromin compared to isolates collected in the 1990s and 2000s. However, later isolates have no increased tolerance to copper, used in fungicide treatments of infested forests and traditionally assumed to be a strong selection pressure. The isolated New Zealand population of this forest pathogen therefore appears to have become less virulent over time, likely in part to maintain the viability of its long-lived host. This finding has broad implications for forest health and highlights the benefits of long-term pathogen surveys. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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