| Autor: |
Madeira CL; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0011 , United States., Jog KV; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0011 , United States., Vanover ET; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0011 , United States., Brooks MD; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States., Taylor DK; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States., Sierra-Alvarez R; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0011 , United States., Waidner LA; Center for Environmental Diagnostics & Bioremediation , University of West Florida , Pensacola , Florida 32514 , United States., Spain JC; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0355 , United States.; Center for Environmental Diagnostics & Bioremediation , University of West Florida , Pensacola , Florida 32514 , United States., Krzmarzick MJ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States., Field JA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0011 , United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is one of the main ingredients of many insensitive munitions, which are being used as replacements for conventional explosives. As its use becomes widespread, more research is needed to assess its environmental fate. Previous studies have shown that NTO is biologically reduced to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO). However, the final degradation products of ATO are still unknown. We have studied the aerobic degradation of ATO by enrichment cultures derived from the soil. After multiple transfers, ATO degradation was monitored in closed bottles through measurements of inorganic carbon and nitrogen species. The results indicate that the members of the enrichment culture utilize ATO as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. As ATO was mineralized to CO 2 , N 2 , and NH 4 + , microbial growth was observed in the culture. Co-substrates addition did not increase the ATO degradation rate. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the organisms that enriched using ATO as carbon and nitrogen source were Terrimonas spp., Ramlibacter -related spp., Mesorhizobium spp., Hydrogenophaga spp., Ralstonia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Ectothiorhodospiraceae , and Sphingopyxis . This is the first study to report the complete mineralization of ATO by soil microorganisms, expanding our understanding of natural attenuation and bioremediation of the explosive NTO. |
